The Next Silver Bull May Have Already Started

Silver is down 7.1% this year. Will this weakness persist? To find out, let's look at the key factors in the silver market this year.

  • Like gold, silver fell as the US dollar rose on the back of expectations that the Fed will hike rates.
  • World demand for physical silver fell 4% in 2014, largely due to a record 19.5% drop in investment demand.
  • Silver exchange-traded funds (ETFs) did not see big liquidations in 2014. ETF holdings grew by 1.4 million ounces and recorded their highest year-end level at 636 million ounces.
  • The first two factors helped push silver 19.9% lower last year. That's more than gold or any other precious metal fell. Despite this, silver production rose 5% in 2014. That added to the pressure on prices.

    Why did miners produce more silver when prices were falling? Because of:

  • By-product metal. Around 75% of the silver mined is a by-product at gold or base metal mines. These producers will keep mining silver, almost regardless of price.
  • Reduced cash costs. The primary silver producers have cut costs since they peaked in 2012. The main way miners do that is by boosting production to achieve economies of scale.
  • Bull market hangover. Precious metals were in a major bull market from 2001 to 2011. Producers built a lot of mines in response. Nobody wants to pull the plug on a new mine that's losing if they think prices will go higher.
  • That's the backdrop. Now let's look at this year's fundamentals.

    Supply

    Silver mine output has risen for 12 consecutive years (silver mine supply is a little different, due to hedging, but also trending upward). This year could break this trend. Industry experts at GFMS forecast up to a 4% decline in silver output in 2015.

    Why? It's not rocket science. There are now fewer major new mines under construction due to lower metals prices.

    That leaves scrap supply. But scrap comes from jewelry, and sellers are price sensitive. People like to sell granny's silver tea set when prices are up. We expect subdued scrap supply until silver heads much higher.

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